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de GOYA y Lucientes 1746 - 1828 | |
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Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes, consummately a Spanish artist whose
multifarious paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary
historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century
painters. The series of etchings Los desastres de la guerra ("The
Disasters of War", 1810-14) records the horrors of the Napoleonic
invasion. For the bold technique of his paintings, the haunting satire
of his etchings, and his belief that the artist's vision is more
important than tradition, Goya is often called "the first of the
moderns." His uncompromising portrayal of his times marks the beginning
of 19th-century realism. He was born in Fuendetodos (Zaragoza), and was apprenticed to Jose Luzan and Francisco Bayeu, whose sister he later married. He went to Italy and upon returning to Spain, he painted frescoes for the local cathedral in Zaragoza, and painted carton (designs) for the royal tapestry factory in Madrid, mostly scenes of everyday life. At the same time, he became established as a portrait painter to the Spanish aristocracy. He was elected to the Royal Academy of San Fernando in 1780, named painter to the king in 1786, and court painter in 1789 ( was appointed first Spanish court painter in 1799). A serious illness in 1792 left Goya permanently deaf and he became increasingly occupied with the fantasies and inventions of his imagination and with critical and satirical observations of mankind. He evolved a bold, free new style close to caricature. In 1824, after the failure of an attempt to restore liberal government, Goya went into voluntary exile in Bordeaux (France), continuing to work until his death there in 1828. |
